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Add login exercise
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## Console
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### Login
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![TRON: Legacy](tron.jpg)
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> In the movie _TRON: Legacy_, Linux is rebranded "SolarOS" in reference to [Solaris](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)>), another Unix OS
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---
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Start the VM to boot the previously installed Debian system.
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Do the following for both a user and the [superuser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser) (`root`) :
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- Log in
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- Clear the console using the keyboard shortcut
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- Change the password to a space : `" "`
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- Show the command history using five keystrokes or less (using autocompletion)
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- Log out using the keyboard shortcut
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### Just numbers
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Login as [`root`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser) on the third [Linux console](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_console).
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Check the Internet connectivity with the command `ping google.com`.
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After a few hops, interrupt the program with : <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>C</kbd>.
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Behind every name in a computer system there is a number (ID, index, address, etc) :
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- User identifier
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- `root` → `0`
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- `student` → `1000`
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- IP address
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- google.com → 216.58.214.14 (quad-dotted notation) → `3627734542`
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- tencent.com → 117.169.101.44 (quad-dotted notation) → `1974035756`
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- File inode
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- `/etc/fstab` → `44696029`
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- `.profile` → `59639363`
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- Port
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- `HTTP` → `80`
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- `HTTPS` → `443`
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- Process identifier
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- `cron` → `254`
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Names exist because they are human readable, but behind the scenes they are converted into numbers, unique in their namespace :
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- A domain name can have several IP addresses, but an IP address can only identify one domain name
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- Several processes may have the same name, but a PID identifies a single process
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Find the commands to get :
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- the inode of a specific file
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- the current user ID
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- the PID of a program, for example `bash`
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